July 20
911 –
Rollo lays siege to Chartres.
1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence:
Fall of Stirling Castle:
King Edward I of England takes the stronghold using the
War Wolf.
1807 –
Nicéphore Niépce is awarded a patent by Napoleon for the
Pyréolophore, the world's first
internal combustion engine, after it successfully powered a boat upstream on the river Saône in France.
1871 –
British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada.
1903 – The
Ford Motor Company ships its first car.
1932 – In Washington, D.C., police fire tear gas on World War I veterans, part of the
Bonus Expeditionary Force, who attempt to march to the White House.
1936 – The
Montreux Convention is signed in Switzerland, authorizing Turkey to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosphorus but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
1940 – California opens its first freeway, the Arroyo Seco Parkway.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroyo_Seco_Parkway.
Billboard's first comprehensive record chart was published.
1944 – World War II: Adolf Hitler survives
an assassination attempt led by German Army Colonel
Claus von Stauffenberg.
1950 – Cold War: In Philadelphia,
Harry Gold pleads guilty to spying for the Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist
Klaus Fuchs.
1954 - The
Blue Moon Boys made their live debut appearing on the back of a flatbed truck outside a new drug store for its grand opening in Memphis. The band line up was
Elvis Presley,
Scotty Moore, and
Bill Black. The name was taken from a song they had recorded just two weeks previously, '
Blue Moon of Kentucky.'
1960 – Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) elects
Sirimavo Bandaranaike Prime Minister, the world's first elected female head of government.
The
Polaris missile is successfully launched from a submarine, the
USS George Washington, for the first time.
1968 – The first International
Special Olympics Summer Games are held at Soldier Field in Chicago, with about 1,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities.
1968,
Iron Butterfly's second album, '
In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida', entered the US album chart for the first time. The album contained the 17-minute title track that filled the second side of the LP.
Jane Asher announced on the national British TV show,
Dee Time, that her engagement to
Paul McCartney was off. Paul reportedly was watching at a friend's home and was surprised by the news.
1969 – Apollo program:
Apollo 11's crew successfully makes the first manned landing on the Moon in the
Sea of Tranquility. Americans
Neil Armstrong and
Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon (July 21 UTC).
Or not.
1976 – The American
Viking 1 lander becomes the first spacecraft to successfully land on Mars and perform its mission.
1977 – The Central Intelligence Agency releases documents under the Freedom of Information Act revealing it had engaged in
mind-control experiments.
1982 –
Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings: The Provisional IRA detonates two bombs in Hyde Park and Regent's Park in central London, killing eight soldiers, wounding forty-seven people, and leading to the deaths of seven horses.
1989 – Burma's ruling junta puts opposition leader Daw
Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest.
1992 –
Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia.
1997 – The fully restored
USS Constitution (a.k.a. Old Ironsides) celebrates its 200th birthday by setting sail for the first time in 116 years.
2003 - A tooth said to have been pulled out of Elvis Presley's mouth after an injury failed to sell on the auction site eBay . The tooth had been put on a 10-day sale with a reserve price of $100,000 (£64,100).
2009 -
Jackson Browne settled his lawsuit against US Senator
John McCain and the Republican Party after his 1977 hit '
Running On Empty' was used without permission in a 2008 McCain presidential campaign ad that aired on TV and the Internet.
2012 – A shooter
opened fire at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, killing 12 and injuring 70 others.
2015 – The United States and Cuba resume
full diplomatic relations after five decades.
Births
356 BC – Alexander the Great; 1304 – Petrarch; 1822 – Gregor Mendel; 1847 – Max Liebermann; 1918 –
Cindy Walker♪ ♫; 1919 – Edmund Hillary; 1929 – Mike Ilitch (co-founder Little Caesars pizza); 1933 – Cormac McCarthy; 1938 – Diana Rigg ('Emma Peel' in
The Avengers), Natalie Wood; 1943 – Wendy Richard (
Are You Being Served,
EastEnders); 1945 – Kim Carnes (
Bette Davis Eyes); 1945 – John Lodge

; 1947 – Carlos Santana

; 1954 – Jay Jay French

; 1957 – Donna Dixon;
1958 – BILLY MAYS!!; 1959 – Radney Foster♪ ♫; 1963 – Frank Whaley; 1964 – Chris Cornell

; 1964 – Dean Winters ('Mayhem' in the Allstate commercials); 1966 – Stone Gossard

; 1969 – Josh Holloway ('Sawyer" on
Lost); 1971 – Sandra Oh; 1973 – Omar Epps ('Dr. Eric Foreman' on
House); 1980 – Gisele Bündchen; 1988 – Julianne Hough
Deaths
1398 – Roger Mortimer; 1923 – Pancho Villa; 1937 – Guglielmo Marconi; 1973 – Bruce Lee; 1987 – Richard Egan; 1993 –
Vince Foster (Deputy White House Counsel under Bill Clinton); 2005 – James Doohan ('Scotty' on
Star Trek); 2007 – Tammy Faye [Bakker] Messner; 2013 – Helen Thomas (UP & UPI White House reporter for 57 years covering
11 U.S. Presidents)