April 13
Today the United States celebrates
Thomas Jefferson's birthday, by
Presidential Proclamation (2276).
Events
1111 –
Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1204 –
Constantinople (
♪ ♫Now it's Istanbul, not Constantinople♪ ♫) falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
1613 –
Samuel Argall captures Native American princess
Pocahontas in Passapatanzy, Virginia to ransom her for some English prisoners held by her father,
Powhatan; she is brought to Henricus as hostage.
1742 –
Handel's
Messiah makes its world-premiere in Dublin, Ireland.
1743 -
Thomas Jefferson is born in Shadwell, Virginia Colony.
1902 –
James C. Penney opens his first store in Kemmerer, Wyoming.
1919 –
Eugene V. Debs is imprisoned at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia, for speaking out against the draft during World War I.
1943 – The
Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C., on the 200th anniversary of President
Thomas Jefferson's birth.
1945 – World War II:
German troops kill more than 1,000 political and military prisoners in Gardelegen, Germany.
1953 – CIA director Allen Dulles launches the mind-control program
Project MKUltra.
1958 – American pianist
Van Cliburn wins the inaugural International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.
1960 – The United States launches
Transit 1-B, the world's first satellite navigation system.
1964 – At the Academy Awards,
Sidney Poitier becomes the first African-American male to win the Best Actor award for the 1963 film
Lilies of the Field.
1970 – An oxygen tank aboard
Apollo 13 explodes, putting the crew in great danger and causing major damage to the spacecraft while en route to the Moon.
1972 – Vietnam War: The
Battle of An Lộc begins.
1974 – Western Union (in cooperation with NASA and Hughes Aircraft) launches the United States' first commercial geosynchronous communications satellite,
Westar 1.
1976 – The United States Treasury Department reintroduces
the two-dollar bill as a Federal Reserve Note on Thomas Jefferson's 233rd birthday as part of the
United States Bicentennial celebration.
1976 –
Forty workers at the Lapua ammunition factory die in an explosion, the deadliest accidental disaster in modern history in Finland.
1992 –
Basements throughout the Chicago Loop are flooded, forcing the Chicago Board of Trade Building and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to close.
1997 –
Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the
Masters Tournament.
Births
1570 – Guy Fawkes (
Gunpowder Plot), 1743 – Thomas Jefferson (23rd POTUS), 1852 – Frank Winfield Woolworth (yeah,
that Woolworth), 1866 – Butch Cassidy, 1899 – Alfred Mosher Butts (created Scrabble), 1906 – Samuel Beckett, 1909 – Eudora Welty, 1917 – Robert Orville Anderson (founded Atlantic Richfield Oil Co.), 1919 – Howard Keel♪ ♫, 1923 – Don Adams (
Get Smart), 1931 – Dan Gurney

, 1933 – Ben Nighthorse Campbell, 1937 – Edward Fox ('Jackal' in
The Day of the Jackal (1973)), 1939 – Paul Sorvino (
Good Fellas, Nixon), 1943 – Billy Kidd, 1945 – Tony Dow ('Wally' on
Leave It To Beaver), 1945 – Lowell George♪ ♫(Little Feat), 1946 – Al Green♪ ♫, 1949 – Christopher Hitchens, 1950 – Ron Perlman, 1951 – Peabo Bryson♪ ♫, 1951 – Max Weinberg

(E Street Band, Conan O'Brien), 1961 – Hiro Yamamoto

(Soundgarden), 1962 – Hillel Slovak

(Red Hot Chili Peppers), 1963 – Garry Kasparov, 1964 – Davis Love III, 1964 – Caroline Rhea, 1966 – Marc Ford♪ ♫(Black Crowes), 1970 – Ricky Schroder (The Champ, Silver Spoons, NYPD Blue), 1972 – Aaron Lewis♪ ♫(Staind), 1975 – Lou Bega♪ ♫, 1976 – Jonathan Brandis
Deaths
1641 – Richard Montagu, 1941 – Annie Jump Cannon, 1997 – Bryant Bowles (founded the National Association for the Advancement of White People,
I shit you not), 2005 – Johnnie Johnson

, 2013 – Vincent Montana, Jr.

(MFSB)